Pearson and Mcdonal Lawsuit Analysis Essay

Executive Summary There are two major lawsuits which the main populace has defined as frivolous. One of those cases is the McDonald’s split coffee case. This is the case where the plaintiff spilled her coffee and was rumored to sue McDonald’s for 2.7 million dollars and win. The other’s case is the Pearson dry cleaning case where a man sued Chung Dry Cleaner’s 54 million dollars for losing his pants. The plaintiff won in the McDonald’s Case and the Plaintiff lost in the Dry clearance’s case. In this paper we are going to dissect each case by the facts, the law, the issues, the ethical issues, the defendants preventative measures, and then the analysis of it all. Introduction Frivolous lawsuits have over taken our society by storm. Anywhere from someone suing over a pair of lost pants to a person suing over a coffee burn. But what is Frivalous? Perhaps there is more to see in each of these suits that was originally thought. In 1992 79-year-old Stella Liebeck spilled coffee on herself and sued McDonald’s for the coffee being too hot. In May 2005 Judge Roy Pearson sued Custom Cleaners for losing a pair of his pants. On paper both of the lawsuits look ridiculous and should be dismissed as soon as the titles are read. But when looking into the details one discovers propaganda hugely blown out of proportion on one case and the other being exactly what it looks like. What are the Facts? Factual evidence is what gives a case its meat, its substance, so without worthy facts it is very easy for a case to lose any of its stimuli. On the other hand sometimes the facts of a case with swift ones initial opinion in a complete 180. The Pant’s Suit and the McDonald’s Coffee Suit both have information to back the claim, however, only one can truly be deemed as proof. In My 2005 District of Columbia Administrative Law Judge Roy. L. Pearson claimed Custom Cleaners lost his pants. Judge Pearson said he â€Å"dropped off blue Saks Fifth Avenue suit pants with burgundy pinstripes at Custom Cleaners for $10.50 alteration and that the gray, cuffed pants they tried to return to him were not his (Andrea, 2007).† Pearson then proceeded to request Custom Cleaners, owned by the So Jin and Sooo Chung, pay him over $1,000 for a new suit. The Chungs refused and Pearson proceeded with a lawsuit asking for 65 million dollars. Before the suit went to trial the Chung’s tried to settle, offering Pearson up to 12,000 dollars but Pearson refused and instead lowered his suit to 54 million dollars (O’Rourke, 2007). The suit then proceeded to the court. Stella Liebeck was burned by coffee going through a McDonald’s drive-through. Her grandson, Chris Tiano, stopped the car in the drive through so she could put cream and sugar in the coffee. Ms. Liebeck placed the coffee between her legs, and when she pulled the top off the coffee it spilled on her (Press & Carroll, 1995). She suffered severe third degree burn injuries to her buttocks, groin, and inner thighs. She was hospitalized for eight days because of the severity and had to receive multiple skin grafting procedures. Ms. Liebeck was disabled for two years due to her injuries. McDonald’s had 700 previous customer burning cases prior to Ms. Liebeck’s case, and the company decided to keep their coffee temperature at 190 degrees Fahrenheit. Prior to going the lawsuit path, Ms., Liebeck originally requested McDonald’s settle for injury costs; however, the company offered her $800 instead. Ms. Liebeck did not receive 2.7 Million Dollars as most assume, inste ad she received a total of $640,000 included the complementary damages and the punitive damages (Litant, 1995). When laying out the facts of the â€Å"McDonald’s Coffee Case† as most call it, one is shocked to find themselves on Ms. Liebeck’s metaphorical side of the matter rather than McDonald’s. One must always review the facts to have any true understanding on the matter. After reviewing the facts given by the Pant’s Suit and the McDonald’s Coffee case, a person can identify what suit is missing necessary information. In the Pant’s Suit Pearson has no proof that Customer Cleaners lost his pants, it is all alleged. He could have forgotten them at his house or lost them himself, there is not any way to prove Custom Cleaner’s even lost his pants. But in the McDonald’s case it is easy to see the facts because they are all in statistics, in photographs, the facts are all in the evidence. One case is already losing it’s steam while another is gaining momentum, lets move on. What are the Issues? An issue is why a case is even occurring. One issue is burns from an overly hot cup of coffee. The other issue is emotional distress and financial loss due to a pair of missing pants. There may be isssues though that grow from these or are the issues really that simple? In the missing pants case, the issue is Judge Pearson’s pants were allegedly misplaced by Custom Cleaners. So how is it a pair of missing pants led to a suit battle that lasted over two years? There must have been other issues involved. First lets assess the facts we received, the pair of pants Custom Cleaners gave Mr. Pearson he claimed were not his, but they were his size and matched the alteration specification requested (Goldwasser, 2007). Other issues that grew from the case was the loss of business and harassment the Chung’s received due to Mr. Pearson’s harassment. Mr. Pearson would regularly go door to door in the neighborhood asking the community in which Custom Cleaners was centered for his support in the case against him. The Chung’s had to eventually close down the store. The issue that started this entire fiasco was a pair of missing pants, which ended up leading Judge Pearson not being re-appointed and a Custom Cleaners being shut down. After the suit Judge Pearson received a letter from the Commission on Selection and Tenure Administrative Law Judges they elected not to re-appoint him as judge and cited his pour performance as a judge and the Pants suit (Cauvin, 2007). The issues are simple to spell out for Ms. Stella Liebeck’s case. The issue, which brings about the other issues, is the plaintiff, Ms. Liebeck, received third degree burns when Mc. Donald’s coffee was spilt on her lap. The plaintiff requested the defendant pay for medical bills and work loss, the defendant refused and offered a minimal sum, which would not even cover attorney costs. The defendant does not want to lower temperature they keep their coffee at as it would lower the â€Å"optimum taste† of the product. The plaintiff was partially at fault for spilling the coffee; however, experts said if the coffee was not that hot then the injuries would never of occurred regardless of who spilled the coffee. Subsequently the issues are but they aren’t that simple. From one issue can spur another and that is the case for both lawsuits. Ms. Liebeck was severely burned by McDonald’s coffee and requested an accurate amount for her injuries, they refused, and it went to court  causing the issue of monetary loss and embarrassment for McDonald’s. The issue that grew from the Pearson case was the business loss the Chung’s received. In both cases the defendants each ended up having an issue of their own. What Law Applies? Law’s can be manipulated and misinterpreted easily. There is even a branch of the government solely dedicated to translating the constitution accurately and ethically. In both cases there are law’s that come about, but in one case it is clear the law was perversely utilized. In the Custom Cleaner’s case the suit stated Judge Pearson was, â€Å" defrauded by the owners of Custom Cleaners and by the ‘Satisfaction Guaranteed’ sign they had (Cauvin, 2007). He also sued for emotional distress and legal costs (O’Rourke, 2007). Under Tort Law Pearson could be under Negligent Tort for damages, if he illustrates actual damages. Judge Pearson chose to sue under Intentional Torts, more specifically under Emotional Distress. The problem most defendants have come to is that emotional distress is ambiguous. Anyone can claim emotional distress for everyone is different with his or her tolerances. The most intriguing aspect in this case, is that the Chung’s never sued Pearson for defacement. The Chung’s had proof, witnesses, everything they needed for a successful trial. So under law the Plaintiff stretched manipulated the law definitions with very little proof for a lawsuit and the defendant did not even attempt to gain retribution. In the case of Stell Liebeck vs. McDonald’s several torn law come into the play. The definition of a tort law is â€Å"an injury to another’s person or property.† In this case there were severe damages done to the plaintiff according to the facts. There are there separate types of torn cases, compensatory nominal, and punitive. Ms. Liebeck’s case fit under compensatory and punitive. Compensatory for the injuries she received to include the special damages of doctor bills. She also is covered under punitive damages for the company was fully aware of how hazardous their product was and still refused to change the temperature of their coffee. Also Ms. Liebeck is covered under the ‘Cause-in-Fact’ of negligent Tort, since McDonald’s never went forward with any preventative measures. Her esquire Mr. Reed Morgan noted three specific charges against McDonald’s; the first being their product was  unduly hazardous due to its temperature; the second being McDonald’s failed to give its consumers the necessary warnings of the temperature; the third being the consumers could not drink the coffee at the time it was served; therefore there was breach of warranty (Press & Carroll, 1995). Mr. Morgan had the option of using a plethora of Tort law’s on behalf of his client Ms. Liebeck, and he took full advantage of that fact like any attorney would do for their case and client. In the McDonald’s case the law was not overly used, because the ones they referenced were enough for their case to be heard and be successful. But the Pearson case was another matter, the plaintiff was clearly stretching the law to try and manipulate it for his own base needs. What did the judge/jury decide? The McDonald’s case was a jury trial and the Pants case was a judge trial. Both cases were caught up in the legal battle for over two years. When the pants case finally made it to trial the case was dismissed in two days. The McDonald’s case did take a little longer for there was a lot of evidence for them to go through and there were multiple decision makers rather than just one. The Judge in the pants case held the decision not the jury. D.C. Superior Court Judge Judith Bartnoff found for the defendant on all counts. Judge Bartnoff denied any damage costs to the Plaintiff and ordered Pearson to pay the defendants court costs (Cleaners 1, Judge 0 in case of missing pants, 2007). Usually when one is in the judgment of ‘one of their own’ they find on behalf of their own. However it was clear Judge Bartnoff saw the absurdity of Pearson’s claim when she found in behalf of the defendants. In the case of the spilled coffee most of the jury had a 180 from their original inclinations of the case. Going into the case Jury member Roxanne Bell said, â€Å"she was insulted†¦the whole thing sounded ridiculous to me.† After the Jury heard testimony from three witnesses their opinions of the case started to alter. The first expert witness was Doctor Charles Baxter who spoke to the grotesque photographs of Ms. Liebecks’s injury and â€Å"testified that coffee at 170 degrees would cause second –degree burns within 3.5 seconds of hitting the skin (Press & Carroll, 1995).† And since McDonald’s kept their coffee at 190 degrees it is safe to say, It was extremely easy for Ms. Liebeck to get third degree burns. The other two  witnesses were actually defendant witnesses, the first was a quality-assurance supervisor at McDonald’s, and the second was a safety consultant. The first witness was Mr. Christopher Apleton who testified that even though McDonald’s had received over 700 coffee burn complaints in 10 years the company refused to lower their temperatures. The second defendant witness was Mr. Robert Knaff, who’s main problem was he contradicted himself in the middle of his testimony. As first he was tring to describe that 700 burn complaints in ten years amounted to only one in twenty-four million coffee cups, but then he later said in his testimony, â€Å"a burn is a very terrible thing (Press & Carroll, 1995).† By saying a burn was a terrible thing, then it was no longer a trivial matter. At the end of the case Ms. Bell defended the jury’s decision by exclaiming, â€Å" it was our way of saying, ‘Hey, open your eyes. People are getting burnedà ¢â‚¬â„¢ (Press & Carroll, 1995).† The Jury decided to teach McDonald’s a lesson for the over all negligence they displayed in their refusal to acknowledge the multiple previous warning they had received regarding the hotness of their coffee. The Jury awardee Ms. Liebeck a total of $2.7 million dollars in punitive damages, which at that time, is the amount of money McDonald’s would make in a two-day span. The jury was overzealous on Ms. Liebeck’s behalf for they wanted to reform and punish McDonald’s so the judge had to step in Where as in the Pants suit the judge quickly ‘put down the hammer’ on Judge Pearson. Did the judge or jury make an appropriate decision based on the applicable law controlling the cases? Why or Why not? The judge and jury both made the appropriate decisions in the verdict award, but no the appropriate decision on the fiscal award. In the case of the missing pants the judge appropriately awarded the fiscal and the verdict. The in McDonald’s case the jury appropriately awarded the verdict but inappropriately awarded the fiscal amount. Judge Judith Bartnoff made the appropriate decision according the appropriate definition of tort law in the missing pants case. In interpreting the law one must as a judge throw out the absurd cases but still justly review it. In her review of the missing pants case it was clear Mr. Pearson was unduly persecuting the Chungs over a pair of pants. Mr. Pearson did not have work loss because Custom Cleaners allegedly misplaced a pair of pants, and he was not harmed in any way. In the McDonald’s case the  jury made the correct decision in awarding the suit to Ms. Liebeck, but they made in the incorrect decision in obnoxious amount they chose to grant. Instead of awarding Ms. Liebeck the amount she was due, the jury decided to take a matter for McDonald’s company policy into their own hands to try and reform by ‘punishing’ the company so much they would have no choice but to lower the temperature of their coffee from 190 degrees Fahrenheit. The judge was correct in overturning the jury’s decision from awarding Ms. Liebeck 2.7 million in punitive damages to $480 in punitive damages. The judge recognized the jury was correct in deciding the defendant was guilty, but they were overzealous in their need to reform McDonald’s company policy. Overall the verdict for both cases was fairly awarded. What are the ethical issues in the cases? Do the ethical issues differ from the legal issues? If so How? There are ethical issues easily seen in both the Pearson and the Liebeck cases. In one case the Plaintiff was unethical and I the other case the defendant was unethical. In the Pearson case the ethical issues and the legal issues do not appropriately correspond. It was unethical for Mr. Pearson to be allowed a lawsuit of $54 million dollars for a pair of pants, but he was legally allowed. It was unethical for Mr. Pearson to deface Custom Cleaners by putting up signs in that community against them, but he was legally allowed to. It was unethical for Mr. Pearson to demand Custom Cleaners, at the time of the incident, over $1000 for a new suit, but he was legally allowed to. Many people do not take manipulate and take advantage of the freedoms the United States allows its citizens, but there are those who will not only take advantage but make others look on in disgust for why he was allowed to do what he did. There are multiple ethical issues in the Liebeck case. The main one being responsibility. It is the responsibility of the company to listen to its consumers and McDonald’s failed to do so on multiple occasions. The other is knowingly harming other, McDonald’s knew there coffee had caused severe burns on other customers in the past but had refused to do anything about it, even when they were approached by the National Burn Victims Association to do so (Howard, 1994). In this case the ethical issues do not differ from the legal issues as each ethical issue directly corresponds with a broken law by McDonald’s. there are major ethical issues by the press, congress,  and other entities continuing to further there own agenda by only giving half truths concerning Ms. Liebeck’s case. There has been a significant push by Tort reformers due to the jury decision made in Ms. Liebeck’s case, but those are using severe propaganda to do so. Both of these cases have been described as â€Å"frivolous† lawsuits. Based on your research what do you think? Is either one or both of these cases frivolous? Intro Pearson Based on the research given, the Pants Suit case was a frivolous suit. A frivolous case is considered to be absurd, unneeded, and previously thought impossible. Judge Roy Pearson, a legal professional, most likely originally thought he could use the scare tactic with Customer Cleaners for the initial $1000 ask because of his power position. Instead when the defendant refused to pay that sum, the plaintiff lost his temper and in doing so lost his professional mind. The Plaintiff was not hurt, and he did not have any significant financial loss due to the initial incident. McDonald’s On paper Ms. Liebeck’s case looks frivolous; however, after examining the facts in no longer appears to be so. A woman did spill coffee on herself and did get burned, but she was severely burned from the hazardous temperatures McDonald’s kept there coffee of hat was not fit for human consumption. The amount the jury awarded her it what most of society deems obnoxious, bringing the classification of her lawsuit to frivolous in nature. When just looking at the injuries Ms. Liebeck received from the coffee temperature, one could never deem it a frivolous lawsuit, but there are those who will seek to capitalize on a lawsuit such as this by exclaiming half-truths in order to further their own agendas. Combine Regardless of what you think of the lawsuits, how could the business owners have prevented them? What advice can you give them for the future? Intro Pearson When digging into the details of the case a very simple business practice alteration could have prevented the entire debacle in the missing pants case. Currently the Chungs have a ticketing system where they place the ticket number and article size on the clothing. However if they added to that ticket and item description the debacle could have been avoided. In doing this the customer is helped and so is the company. McDonald’s It was rather obvious when looking through the facts of the McDonald’s case how the company could have prevented their lawsuit, That is one of the main reason’s they lost the case, is because due to their sever negligence in ignoring their consumer complaints, the jury was abhorred by the company. Very simply put McDonald’s once receiving the first customer complaint should have completed testing to see what would keep their coffee at a great taste with a less hazardous temperature. Similar to other institutes had done at the advice of the Shriner’s Burn Institute lowering their temperature to 135 to 140 degrees (Litant, 1995). In the future, some advice McDonald’s should take is to listen to their customers, if there are several complaints regarding one item, then the item either needs to be altered or discontinued. Combine Conclusion

Health And Disease In Communities Health And Social Care Essay

The different bureaus responsible in placing degrees of wellness and disease in communities are the undermentioned: World Health Organisation, Health Protection Agency and the Primary Care Trusts. This three may hold different particulars in footings of their aims and marks but they are normally working on towards a safer and wellness riskless environment. The World Health Organisation ( WHO ) maps are chiefly in supplying support and services to the different wellness attention establishments around the Earth particularly those who chiefly need it e.g. low executing wellness attention suppliers on a per state footing, freshly debilitated countries and the likes. The administration besides joins forces with other necessary wellness attention administrations in order for them to get aid in the execution of certain programmes or activities locally. Their outreach workss are most particularly recognized during national catastrophes, catastrophes, eruptions and other global dismaying state of affairss. Another bureau that aids in detecting degrees of wellness and diseases is the Health Protection Agency ( HPA ) . Harmonizing to HPA ( 2010 ) ‘The maps of the Agency are â€Å" to protect the community ( or any portion of the community ) against infective diseases and other dangers to wellness † ( HPA Act 2004 ) . ‘ This means that any alterations in the degree of wellness in a certain community particularly those which are caused by the engagement of a certain individual to unsafe materials/chemicals/equipments is being watched by the HPA. The bureau is specifically designed to provide this sort of concerns and are tasked to forestall harmful incidences from happening and to avoid jailbreaks if such state of affairs occurs. On the other manus, Primary Care Trust ( PCT ) is fundamentally more specific in footings of attention proviso since they focus on a certain country assigned to them. For illustration, if Wandsworth is the country coverage of a certain PCT so they are specifically tasked to run into the demands of the people shacking in that said topographic point. They must make their best to make out to every individual occupant and supply them the attention that they need since this is seen as one of the wellness searcher ‘s privilege. When outbreaks go on PCT is besides responsible for placing the community ‘s position. Word count: 351Answer 1 – 1.2An epidemiological survey last 2007 in Africa showed a important addition in incidence rate as seen in Appendix A table 1 [ page 20 ] . Over all, from the twelvemonth 2006 to 2007, there was an extra 0.9 % of instances added go forthing the incidence informations markedly higher than the figure of prevalence instances. The 2015 mark prevalence rate was set to 384 per 100,000 population. The current surveillance displayed 692 instances per 100,000 population. The figure of deceases related to the TB disease even displayed a more fickle rate. Mortality rate was 230 per 100,000 population per twelvemonth with a mark figure of 39 for this approaching 2015. This means that Africa still has a long manner to travel in cut downing the figure of instances ( deceases and incidence ) , eight old ages might be well plenty from sensing to direction procedure but all are still in the custodies of the wellness attention suppliers, administrations and programmes i nvolved with it. Mentioning still to postpone 1, multidrug-resistant TB instances ‘ per centum is at the same clip spiking together with the incidence rate. The lone positive projection showed by the tabular arraies is the DOTC instance sensing rates which have been run intoing the coveted ends of the anti-TB programme. Additionally, there is a steady addition in new phlegm vilification ( positive/negative ) , new extrapulmonary, backsliding and retreatment presentments. On table 2 [ page 20 ] , the unfavorable results per centums resulted to decease, failures, defaults, transportations and non rating. Large rates of new phlegm smear positive instances lead to decease, defaults, transportations and nonevalutaion while new sputum smear negative instances lead to immense figure of deceases and defaults. Same thing goes with new extrapulmonary instances but few instances resulted to failure entirely. Retreatment instances were besides high which resulted to all unpleasant factors. The DOTS coverag e have been executing good since 2003 and above, but intervention programs did non travel good throughout the important period although instance sensing rates were all good. The job significantly lies on the intervention direction and behavior. Case sensing rates were already found to be greatly improved which means countries on direction programs are now going the oculus of aims. Diabetes rates in Africa were n't that high ( see Appendix B image 1 page 21 ) . Table 3 Appendix B shows the population sample for the diabetes instance anticipation. Merely 3-5 % in ages 35-64 old ages old is affected although this can increase significantly or duplicate up in several old ages. Africa did non either come in the axial rotation of taking states who are likely to be portion of the universe ‘s highest diabetes instances for both twelvemonth 2000 and 2030 anticipation. Compared to the TB disease rates, diabetes is more likely lupus erythematosus of a concern for the wellness administrations and all attempts must be concentrated on TB bar and obliteration. Word count: 454Answer 1 – 1.3The TB ( TB ) instance study show a gradual one-year addition from the twelvemonth 2005 to 2009 on the figure of people infected in United Kingdom with exclusion on the twelvemonth 2007 where the instances dropped down to -0.7 % . England has the largest figure of TB instances making to several 1000s while the other states are merely holding an norm of 100s and less. The state that got the lowest rate of instances was Northern Ireland with twelvemonth 2005 as the highest. The tabular array showed that the steps taken to take down down the incident rate were clearly effectual. This state of affairs was, nevertheless, opposite with Scotland, England and Wales. Although the 2nd and 3rd states aforementioned showed a little dip in the per centum of instances for one peculiar twelvemonth, the consistence of disease generation outweighed the happening of the little unappreciable fluctuation. The 2nd chart sing the regional instances of TB seems to hold the ability to catch the reader ‘s eyes. Obviously, London has the highest figure of instances and this is rather expected and logically true. The metropolis is known for its multicultural and multidiverse race, this means that the attack can go a batch harder since each civilization has its ain alone features towards wellness attention. When a certain act is done in order to cut down the figure of incidence, different people with distinguishable imposts will respond to this unreproducibly and this is one factor that can greatly impact the end of the national wellness bureaus to take down down and extinguish such disease. South East, West Midlands, Yorkshire and the Humber showed a changeless ascent in the figure of instances. South West and North West both have a steady rate with the twelvemonth 2009 as the highest. East Midlands, East of England and North East had unpredictable fluctuations. By and large, the sprea d of instances between London and the other parts range from 2500 to 3000. The diagram clearly gave out a decision that the range of country and population mass are merely few factors that can give out a good relation on the incidence rate. Word count: 345Answer 1 – 1.4The effectivity of the different attacks and schemes in commanding fleshiness ( a noncontagious disease ) and malaria – a catching one, is greatly shown on the ability of public wellness squads and administrations to forestall and command the spread of the certain disease in a community. Since the mark is laid locally per Se, the method becomes more efficient particularly when a national station execution study is done to look into whether the state of affairs has calmed down. Aiming for a group-by-group intercession can do the planned solution and even the epidemiological survey more specific and viewed as a case-to-case footing. The epidemiological survey is one really of import scheme since it determines the incidence and prevalence of such disease in a given country. The consequences of the epidemiological survey are so used as a footing for be aftering for actions, implementing activities and determination as to whether the disease happ ening has become extended or non. Due to this information gathered, the extension in footings of figure of instances of such disease can be halted. Assorted programmes will be implemented by several administrations. After some period of clip, another study will be done to look into for betterments or deterioration of the identified incident. For noncontagious diseases such as fleshiness, besides known as the taking factor for high blood pressure and diabetes, activities will more likely be related to information airing through wellness publicity and instruction. Normally, programmes will be divided into the undermentioned classs: publicity, bar, healing and rehabilitation. This will let better consequences since this can forestall farther happening through publicity of wellness and bar, eliminates instances through healing attack and prevents decease rates through rehabilitation. Bogle ( 2007 ) states that ‘Prevention is finally the most effectual scheme. ‘ This is non merely applicable to one disease but to the remainder of the identified diseases every bit good. Catching diseases, nevertheless, does the same programmes but are a batch more extended and thorough since the rate of addition is greater compared to those diseases which are noncontagious. Due to several attacks and schemes done by the public wellness administrations, diseases which are considered to be really damaging have been isolated and controlled. However, some of these schemes are proven to be less efficient in TB control establishing from the given chart of TB septic people in the United Kingdom. Word count: 376Answer 2 – 2.1There are current precedences in service proviso for those people infected with Chlamydia peculiarly in United Kingdom. One precedence recognized comes in increasing epidemiological surveies which involves finding the best diagnostic procedure/test. Greenhouse ( n.d. ) states that: [ T ] he hapless sensitiveness and specificity of clinical marks in diagnostic pelvic infection have long been demonstrated by laparoscopy, which is often normal despite hurting and proved infection. [ 4 ] Laparasocopy has been shown to be inaccurate when audited by fimbrial histology, [ 5 ] projecting uncertainty on the findings of some authoritative epidemiological studies.A A more extended research and survey must be implemented in order to for good eliminate diagnostic mistakes which are proven to be one of the chief hinderances in better quality wellness attention proviso. Service enlargement late underwent a alteration through implementing a national showing plan since the assignment of such duty to the local sectors did non give out a good consequence despite the lengthy and expensive steps undertaken ( ‘Parliamentary concern ‘ , 2010 ) . The first intercession turned out to be a failure in the sense that the PCTs were n't able to properly manage the given duty. However, this was n't the Primary Care Trust ‘s mistake since harmonizing to the Chairman of the Committee of Public Accounts, Edward Leigh ( n.d. every bit cited in ‘Parliamentary concern ‘ 2010 ) : †¦ the duty for presenting a national enterprise is pushed down to local degree, with small idea about the mechanisms and intercessions needed at national and regional degree to keep efficiency and impulse. Another precedence identified is the effectual clinical bar services and high quality sexual wellness. Prevention is ever the key to a most cost effectual scheme. Further seen precedence is most likely focused on the healing procedure since when such infection is non treated ; it can ensue to lay waste toing wellness jobs e.g. pelvic inflammatory diseases, chronic hurting, sterility. Approaches to serve proviso for people with Chlamydia have become more approachable due to the presence of PCTs. Screening and intervention have been widely dispersed ; spreads and other necessary preparations have been continually identified and developed in order to avoid the chance of incorrect diagnosings, wrong interventions and wastage of resources. The service proviso have become countrywide and this thoroughly helped towards the end of the National Chlamydia Screening Programme ( 2010 ) which is to ‘ †¦ run into current marks of 17 per cent testing in community outside GUM and work towards degrees of 35 to 50 per cent overall in the community and GUM. ‘ Word count: 398Answer 2 – 2.2Determining the HIV prevalence rate for wellness attention proviso becomes the footing in formation of planning and activities to be implemented. Knowing the root cause of such disease incidence helps in aiming the specific issue, this assists in doing the designed programmes to go speedy and efficient. It ‘s like extinguishing the demand to travel around the shrubs by cognizing one direct responsible way. The demands needed for wellness attention proviso will ever depend on how the initial procedures turned out. For illustration, if a certain country has been found to hold an alarming figure of HIV infected instances so this would necessitate expert resources. Bing able to hold a partial mentality on the current status of the eruption can assist in apportioning the resources good, implement prioritization and supply the right information that the public demands. The ‘Human Sciences Research Council ‘ ( n.d. ) states that ‘T he HIV and AIDS and STI Strategic Plan recognises monitoring and rating ( M & A ; E ) as an of import policy and direction tool. ‘ Just how expressed the schemes and methods of the UK in combating against HIV are, this is precisely how stiff the wellness attention service proviso are excessively. The degrees of HIV prevalence will state which province actions are so taken by the whole sectors and administrations involved. Consequently, this will pick the necessary demands to decently turn to the wellness concerns and the identified causes will be closely monitored, farther probe will even be done to look into whether new signifier of transmittals has developed. More preventative steps will besides be implemented since this can avoid happening. The importance of finding the evidences for HIV disease growing besides lies in the significance of being able to properly educate the people ( portion of the demand execution scheme ) and place steps that can assist avoid such happening by educating the identified vulnerable group. Designation of steps lucifers up with the causes of HIV. In general, the relationship between HIV prevalence, causes and demands are intertwined and one country will ever look up the other country or else there will be trouble in the agencies of eliminating the job. Word count: 349Answer 2 – 2.3The impact of baccy smoke in the wellness service proviso planning in the hereafter is the addition in greater bar investing harmonizing to the ‘NAO Report on undertaking wellness inequalities: Mentions to smoking ‘ ( n.d. ) . The uninterrupted addition on the figure of baccy tobacco users must hold made the consciousness run become stronger due to the version of the phrase ‘prevention is ever better than remedy ‘ . Health functionaries are cognizant of the disputing state of affairs that nicotine nuts must get the better of, that is why there is no better manner than forestalling the people from prosecuting in this sort of frailty. One survey besides proved the necessity of fleshiness decrease in relation to the good worsening rates of tobacco users. Harmonizing to Stewart ( 2009 ) , it is necessary that both of the issues must be addressed with importance wholly because ‘If past fleshiness tendencies continue unbridled, the negative effects on the wellness of the U.S. population will progressively outweigh the positive effects gained from worsening smoking rates. ‘ This suggests that the impact of baccy smoke non merely touches one country of a wellness service programme which is the nicotine dependance obliteration since the consequence can besides destroy other wellness service concerns such as the anti-diabetes/obesity run. Due to the ability of smoking jobs to act upon other bing wellness attention jobs, the impact to future wellness service proviso planning might ensue to a more stiff and tight policies. This can go a good land for publishing a compulsory consequence that consists of a mark en d. The key to the ability of the full state to implement such ambitious actions or intercessions would come from the willingness of the wellness functionaries, administrations and squads to present the planned services and schemes immediately. We are already running out of clip since the disease tendency itself is showing a gradual addition, there shall be no more alibis made and everyone must besides be called to work hand-in-hand. Word count: 316Answer 2 – 2.4Peoples who have been enduring from fleshiness require professional aid particularly that today ‘s tendency with respects to unhealthy lifestyle effects have been increasing. One administration that can efficaciously present out a service for free is the National Obesity Forum ( NOF ) . Most of today ‘s wellness ogranisations have been going alarmed with the deficiency of preventative steps that people must be exerting. NOF is one scheme implemented due to the dismaying disease rates, harmonizing to them: [ tungsten ] vitamin E are peculiarly concerned with the deficiency of focal point on bar and structured direction of corpulence and corpulent persons in primary attention and the consequence this has on society. Obesity, as a disease, is an issue which affects non merely the wellness service but has a knock-on consequence for the economic system, industry, instruction and government.A Aside from the preventative services, direction is besides one factor that needs to be taken into consideration. A batch of corpulent people are holding a difficult clip in seting to their life style ( eating wonts, exercising and etc. ) . This factor makes it so nerve-racking for corpulent patients since changing wonts can be hard. The NOF has late released a new criterion for pull offing wellness service users viz. the Very Low Energy Diets. Whichever establishment a client may take to get the wellness services needed, this criterion can be helpful since this is where other private establishments are traveling to establish their manner of attention. Another manner of direction is the fleshiness surgery ; this can be acquired from any establishment of pick and has been proven to be an effectual manner to extinguish fleshiness although this has n't been found to be a cost-efficient step. Harmonizing to the BBC News ( 2006 ) , other steps that can be helpful for fleshiness obliteration are the wellness cheques, inclusion of athleticss installations on lodging undertakings, free fleshiness surgery services, revenue enhancement of nutrient high in Calories and supplying rhythm lanes. Word count: 311Answer 3 – 3.1Precedences for the kids ‘s well being must be based in conformity to the common wellness issues that the younger age groups are confronting and are forecasted to be confronting. Issues that kids normally face are infective diseases, risky environment, maltreatment and malnutrition. Infectious diseases such as the H. Pylori which is normally acquired by kids in the low socioeconomic group are to be detected on kids holding the symptoms and treated early. Infectious diseases can ensue to enfeebling long term effects and hence appropriate wellness solutions such as bar and immediate remedy are of import. A risky environment can include kids holding parents who are smoking baccy on their presence, a non kid safe room construction e.g. approachable hot surface and the likes. Accidents account for a big figure of kids who are handicapped and of mortality rates. The Child Safety Week ( 2010 ) provinces: [ s ] erious accidents can do hurts to kids that take months or old ages to mend. The psychological harm caused to kids and their households frequently lasts a life-time. Yet many of these accidents can be prevented by taking merely a minute, to travel a hot drink, look into a fume dismay, lock the medicine cabinet, exchange off the drier or take your pes off the gas pedal. A great trade of attending must besides be given to this country in order to protect the kids really good. Abuse is another issue that does n't merely ensue to physical hurt but injuring including the emotional facet of the kid. Health services such as the Child Protection Agency are the animal trainers of this issue and services provided are non merely limited to one country since this require a uninterrupted and multi service proviso. Another wellness status that is rather taken for granted is the malnutrition issues that kids are confronting. Fleshiness is going a major concern and most of the instances involved people who have been overweight since birth. There ‘s no better manner than turn toing the job by aiming the early ages since control is still better handled compared to corpulent people who are already populating a considerable sum of old ages in their life. Generally talking, all of these wellness jeopardies can be decently managed, controlled and prevented by the community attention establishments that are responsible for attention proviso. Equally long as programs, intercessions and ends are all taken earnestly, wellness precedences for kids will be met. Word count: 392Answer 3 – 3.2The effectivity of policies implemented for the well being of the kids can be seen on the incorporation of Torahs to Centres which involve kid attention. Several bureaus which are regarded as a large subscriber to implementing kid wellness attention were besides being tapped and now are presently working together in one end. Harmonizing to Great Britain Department for Children, Schools and Families ( 2010 ) , partnerships of administrations have been structured and designed in order to let early incorporation of kid wellness attention services, this includes the engagement of PCTs and other local wellness governments. Due to the alterations made in the wellness continuity attention scheme, several services peculiarly those which targets kid attention have been found to be really effectual. Alterations besides resulted to the birth of other policies or polish of regulations in order to make a better manner of attention proviso. However, although some of the schemes and systems have been found to be effectual in covering with the jobs refering the kids, there are still several countries that call out for immediate and stiff intercession. Such instances would include betterment of results for looked after kids and bettering coaction with wellness sectors. These countries have proven to be rather unsatisfactory in run intoing the desired results. Governments have been invariably happening ways in order to advance the schemes which were being set. Parental support is besides incorporated as a manner to efficaciously turn to the issues of the kids ‘s public assistance. Community programmes have been invariably monitored and being remodeled particularly on today ‘s turning crisis. The manner of attention is being matched up with the current state of affairs in order to increase the feasibleness of the designed programs, schemes, policies and systems. Overall, the impact of the ordinances that are set in order to increase the advancement of results on the kid ‘s attention has been reasonably effectual. Several ordinances need to be reconstructed and reviewed while other policies need more action. Word count: 317Answer 3 – 3.3Several alterations still need to be implemented for the kids ‘s good being. These alterations include ‘promoting the societal and emotional well-being of kids in primary instruction ‘ ( National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2008 ) , educational information airing aiming kids ‘s parents, societal reform, restructuring of inter organizational cooperation and broadening of societal programmes on communities. The primary instruction has been considered to be one of the important phases of kids since this is the point where their values are being honed and how their emotional response is being triggered by the legion societal elements present in their environment. Human behavior is shaped harmonizing to how people are being raised and the constitution of a more sold foundation is the key to diminish wellness behaviors which are really unsafe. Educating parents must besides be done in every community since this is one of the effectual ways to assist and steer the direct carer of the kid ‘s well-being. Social workers must besides concentrate non merely to the kid ‘s status entirely but besides in looking after how his/her environment has been impacting the kid. Rearing programmes and activities in coordination with other worker administrations can be done since this can assist employers go sensitive to the demands of their workers. The current environment right now is already necessitating alone ways to near every quandary. Pressures coming from the working environment that are impacting every working family particularly parents are really much affected with this type of state of affairs. There is excessively much demand from work go forthing other duties in life abandoned which are seen to be purportedly a batch more of import. We can non deny the importance of occupations now a yearss and pretermiting them on the other manus is neither the best option. The greater solution would be to let the different sectors to fall in together and collaborate so that each side will be reasonably heard, considered and met. Having this done, we can state that a societal reform and inter organizational linkages have been built. Adopting a â€Å" kid friendly † logo in all countries can perfectly assist decrease the load that kids are now unconsciously confronting. Word count: 350Answer 3 – 3.4Note: Please mention to the tabular array cited in Appendix C [ page 22 ] Inculcating the significance of exercising early on the kid ‘s life style non merely increases their well-being during their childhood yearss but it besides allows them to be acquainted with such wellness health pattern. Even during the kid ‘s babyhood, inactive exercising had already been found to be a really effectual manner to develop the kid ‘s muscular and skeletal growing. Primary kids are particularly known to be hyper active in footings of activities and doing exercising as one of their daily activities can assist them non merely physically but in all facets. One of the ends enumerated is the importance of the kid to show a positive attitude towards exercising ; this can promote the kids to go concerted and it helps construct a positive consequence on them therefore leting them to love the feeling of holding their organic structures on the move. Teachers must besides ever indicate out what advantages they will be acquiring in a simple mode or in a method whe rein kids would appreciate and understand. This can be done by puting a image of a kid ‘s organic structure in a board while exerting ; every motion would so be matched up with the certain portion of the organic structure that has benefited the move. Implementing a particular hebdomad for a household athleticss fest wo n't merely aim the kids ‘s well-being but it besides fosters parental or household bonding. This can be made successful by inquiring coordination with household administrations that exists in a community. Social community attention administrations or sectors can besides be invited and let this chance to go portion of the pilot testing of the effectiveness of the planned plan. This sort of activity can assist both related sectors to work together and go one or unified on their end. It besides increases the effectiveness of the ends targeted for the different sectors involved. Continuity of the exercising activity can even travel every bit far as holding interscholastic competitions ; this can be introduced to primary and third degree establishments. Word count: 325MentionsBBC News, 2006. Obesity ‘could ruin the NHS ‘ [ Online ] . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6180991.stm [ Accessed 26 July 2010 ] Bogle, V. , 2007. Haringey Obesity Strategy 2007-2010 [ Online ] . p.12. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.haringey.nhs.uk/services/specialist/care_pathways_and_guidelines/obesity/obesity_strategy_adults.pdf [ Accessed 26 July 2010 ] Child Safety Week, 2010. The ‘Make clip for safety ‘ theme [ Online ] . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.childsafetyweek.org.uk/child-safety-week/ [ Accessed 26 July 2010 ] Great Britain Department for Children, Schools and Families, 2010. Certain Start kids ‘s Centres: statutory counsel: response to the audience [ Online ] . London: Great Britain. Department for Children, Schools and Families. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.scie-socialcareonline.org.uk/profile.asp? guid=5bcdbe7b-0d02-46f4-a984-33f856a7ef34 [ Accessed 26 July 2010 ] Greenhouse, P. , n.d. The 4th Bandolier Conference: Chlamydia. Positions from the infirmary [ Online ] . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.medicine.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/bandopubs/bandocon4/chlamyd.html # Heading4 [ Accessed 26 July 2010 ] Health Protection Agency, 2010. What the Health Protection Agency Does? [ Online ] . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hpa.org.uk/AboutTheHPA/WhatTheHealthProtectionAgencyDoes/ [ Accessed 25 July 2010 ] ‘Human Sciences Research Council ‘ , n.d. Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Health [ Online ] . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hsrc.ac.za/SAHA.phtml [ Accessed 26 July 2010 ] ‘NAO Report on undertaking wellness inequalities: Mentions to smoking ‘ , n.d. Key Recommendations [ Online ] . p.1. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_736.pdf [ Accessed 26 July 2010 ] ‘National Chlamydia Screening Programme ‘ , 2010. Commissioning [ Online ] . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.chlamydiascreening.nhs.uk/ps/commissioners/summary.html [ Accessed 26 July 2010 ] National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2008. Promoting kids ‘s societal and emotional well-being in primary instruction [ Online ] . p.3. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.headsupscotland.co.uk/documents/PH012Guidance.pdf [ Accessed 28 July 2010 ] National Obesity Forum, n.d. Welcome to the National Obesity Forum [ Online ] . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nationalobesityforum.org.uk/ [ Accessed 26 July 2010 ] ‘Parliamentary concern ‘ , 2010. Report examines chlamydia testing plan [ Online ] . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.parliament.uk/business/news/2010/01/report-examines-chlamydia-screening-programme/ [ Accessed 26 July 2010 ] Stewart, S. , Cutler, D. & A ; Rosen, A. , 2009. The New England Journal of Medicine. Forecasting the Effects of Obesity and Smoking on U.S. Life Expectancy [ Online ] . 361, p.2252-2260. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa0900459 [ Accessed 26 July 2010 ] Wild, S. , Roglic, G. , Green, A. , Sicree, R. & A ; King, H. , 2004. Diabetes Care. Global prevalence of diabetes [ Online ] . 27 ( 5 ) , p.1048. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/diabetes/facts/en/diabcare0504.pdf [ Accessed 30 July 2010 ] World Health Organization, 2010. Global Tuberculosis Control WHO Report 2009 [ Online ] . p.145. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //apps.who.int/globalatlas/predefinedReports/TB/PDF_Files/zaf.pdf [ Accessed 29 July 2010 ] World Health Organization, 2010. Prevalence of Diabetes [ Online ] . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/diabetes/actionnow/en/mapdiabprev.pdf [ Accessed 29 July 2010 ]

Economy of the Southern colonies between 1607-1775 Essay

The growth of slavery became intertwined in the life of the southern colonies in the 17th century and early and mid 18th century. Slavery slowly evolved from numerous factors. Such factors that lead to the mixing of slavery and the southern colonies’ life were social classes, geographical location and economic problems. The paramount example is Jamestown, Virginia, the first successful English colony. During the development of Jamestown, there was the unintentional creation of social classes. The higher classes were people who had land and money. These were the people who brought indentured servants to the New World to work on the wealthy plantations. The indentured servants would serve out their terms and be free. The majority that became free did not have as much as their previous masters. This brought about the lower class of people, the people who did not have land or money. The next lower class would be the Indians and African slaves. They were separated mainly because of their skin color. They were made as slaves and were forced to work on the plantations. The Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676, the indentured servants’ uprising, lead to the idea of the use of indentured servants dramatically dropped because the indentured servants held a threat to the peace and tranquility of the colony. The idea of slaves emerged as the primary labor force. Slaves were easily identifiable and were able to control through physical intimidation. It was because of Bacon’s Rebellion would massive number of slaves from Africa being to be imported. The majority of laborers on the plantations were African slaves. The plantation owners relied on the African slaves to work their plantations. Their plantations’ labor was needed because of the geographical location. The geographical location of the south made the use of slaves ideal. The land was flat with rich soil and long growing season as well as slow flowing rivers. This meant that farming was ideal in this region. To work the large plantations that would fill the large land, there would be a need of many laborers. The initial concept of indentured servants was dropped after Bacon’s Rebellion and the concept of slaves emerged. The plantation owners began to rely on the African slaves and depended on their labor over the vast land. If there were no African slaves, then there would be no labor and  therefore the land that would produce the cash crops would be gone and the economy of the south would fail. The economic section of the south depended on cash crops which were the paramount cultivation. The reason for having cash crops was because of the geographical location. The cash crops made Jamestown survive though selling the cash crops back to the Old World forming the economic basis, cash crops. There was a need for workers to work the plantations that produced cash crops. The use of slaves became needed and grew on the south so that the south needed the African slaves to survive. Through the outlook of Jamestown, Virginia, it is shown that slaves became intertwined in the economy of the Southern colonies. The social class of slaves being on the bottom made them the labor force on the plantations that formed because of the geographical location, which was large rich land and large growing seasons, was perfect for growing cash crops, the south’s economy. The social class, geographical location and economic factors of the South encouraged slavery because slavery was part of the South’s economy.

Analyze the content of TEN advertisements Research Paper

Analyze the content of TEN advertisements - Research Paper Example The paper "Analyze the content of TEN advertisements" analyzes ten articles. According to the theory, advertisements make people get addicted to unnecessary things and new habits. The second advertisement is that of Ford Mustang 2013. This advertisement lasts nearly 2 minutes and it appeared on television. In the advertisement, the new Ford Mustang 2013 runs down a beautiful street which is full of beautiful people. As the car moves, all people including children watch with admiration. In issues like that of Ford Mustang, one can apply the theory of Interractionism too. According to this theory, (as cited in Herman & Reynolds, 1994, p. 25) the advertisements create a virtual world of modern self. This helps create a new need to buy the new products. In the case of Ford Mustang 2013, the advertisement shows that people watch the new product with admiration. Thus, the viewer develops the feeling that getting that model is a necessary step to get admiration in society. Coca Cola adverti sement is the third one. It appeared on television and it lasts nearly two minutes. The advertisement starts when a young guy inserts a coin in the cola vending machine. The coin initiates a series of events inside the machine in which unnatural creatures fill cola in the bottle in an unnatural place and finally the bottle is handed over to the guy. Evidently the advertisement is capitalizing on the mystery regarding the preparation of coca cola. Admittedly, various rumors regarding the mystery of cola’s preparation can be a weakness. ... However, in the above stated ad of Coca Cola, one can see the art of capitalizing on the so called weakness. 4. Woman’s Horlicks is the third important advertisement. This advertisement is on print media. The advertisement shows a jar in the shape of a woman. The advertisement reads: â€Å"Your husband needs you, your children need you, your family needs you, your neighbors need you, your pets need you, your plants need you.† And the final statement goes: â€Å"And your health needs you.† Thereafter the advertisement contains extensive information about the nutrition content of the supplement. Here, it seems that one should think about the influence of sociological images to understand the importance of this advertisement. In the case of people, always ‘seeing is believing.’ That means through compelling images and statements, it is possible to develop the sociological imagination of people. A woman finds the advertisement of Horlicks something like a wake-up call. 5. The fifth advertisement is that of Nike. It appeared on print media. The advertisement shows a cheetah running at high speed. The cheetah has the trade mark of Nike on its belly. The heading of the advertisement reads: â€Å"What is the secret of this speed?† At the left bottom of the advertisement, it reads: â€Å"Ask the master.† And the right bottom of the advertisement shows the name of Nike and its trademark. The advertisement wants to compare Nike with the fastest animal on earth. In this case, the study by Lutz and Lutz (1977) seems useful. The study proves that interactive picture sequences have the power to enhance subsequent item recognition. When

Drug Violence in Mexico Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Drug Violence in Mexico - Research Paper Example Mexican drug trafficking is not a new item in the history of the country; the country has since Prohibition years of 1917-1933 been exporting illegal substances to the United States, and even before that, in Civil War years, was seen as one of the major suppliers of opiates, including morphine and heroin used to treat soldiers (Gonzalez). Though drugs have been commonly used in Mexico during this time, even though they were exported to the United States, they were still only being used for medical purposes, therefore the government saw no need to regulate or otherwise deter their uses. If there were addicts, they were seen as â€Å"ill persons†, not criminals, and the government was more concerned about protecting the public from low-quality drugs in its desire to make laws against drug use than they were in sending people to jail for it (Gonzalez). Another reason that the Mexican drug trafficking grew and prospered, coming under the control of what is known today as the drug cartels, is that for a long time the attentions of anti-drug campaigns were focused elsewhere, specifically Columbia. With all of the United States attention focused on bringing down the Columbian cartels, it is only natural that Mexico would be able to â€Å"fly under the radar† of the anti-drug missions and grow unchecked to the size that it is today. However, once the Columbian cartels had been dealt with by the American government, the Mexican cartels took what they had learned, and made their own drug pipeline (â€Å"Losing Ground Against Drugs: The Erosion of America’s Borders† 1997). Now Mexico is considered a major drug producer, as well as a major supplier, both in United States and the world. It is the main foreign supplier of methamphetamine and to the United States, and although Mexico accounts for only a small share of worldwide heroin production, it supplies a large share of heroin consumed in the United States, with an estimated 90% of cocaine ent ering the United States through Mexico (Cook 1). Violence in the border region has begun to spill over and affect Americans, with more than 60 Americans kidnapped in Nuevo Laredo, Mexico as of 2008 (Cook 1). Clearly, this is not the relationship that the United States envisioned with Mexico, though Mexico publicly does not support the actions of the drug cartels, as kidnappings and murders are generally seen as bad on both sides of the border. Today in Mexico, seven known drug cartels operate throughout the country: the Arellano Felix Organization, Beltran Leyva Organization, Los Zetas Cartel, Sinaloa Cartel, Carillo Fuentes Organization, Gulf Cartel/New Federation, and La Familia Michoacana, each with its own fluid area and territory of influence (Cook 3). However, that does not mean that each cartel is content with what they have accomplished, and since there are no fences marked with â€Å"this cartel’s territory here† or â€Å"keep out†, the borders are ofte n fought over. Infighting is common, and an almost immediate result of the rise in the Mexican drug cartels was a spike in violence, not just across the US-Mexican border where the cartels fought the authorities, but within Mexico itself, where the cartels wage turf wars against one another (Cook 13). Drugs are a very dangerous trade in Mexico. One of the biggest reasons for

One flew over the cuckoo's nest Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

One flew over the cuckoo's nest - Movie Review Example Very much calm and controlled, she runs the ward in a tyrannical fashion and with mechanical precision. Without direct threats or accusations, her authoritative manner bullies all the patients into submission. Her own name is a combination of the words "rat" and "wretched" (H.J. Summers and S. Summers, 2003). In spite of what one would expect, Mc Murphy's charisma and energy win the respect and admiration of the patients in the ward. He fits well within the ward's environment and his presence causes some of the patients to show improvement; for example, he involves the Chief in a basketball game, other patients in card games and takes them all on a fishing trip. However, he soon becomes aware of the injustices and mistreatment they are the subject of and starts a personal battle. The incident regarding the use of the television to watch the World Series is a good example of this. One night, McMurphy organizes a party involving the patients, a couple of women and alcohol. During the party, McMurphy notices that Billy likes one of his female friends and he asks her to sleep with him. In the morning, nurse Ratched finds the ward in a mess with the patients sleeping all over the place after passing out from alcohol consumption. When they perform a head count, the nurses find Billy with the woman in his room. Nurse Ratched confronts him and humiliates him once more. The argument causes Billy to commit suicide. At this point, McMurphy physically attacks nurse Ratched and is close to murdering her. The reprisal is terrible: a lobotomy1 that leaves McMurphy severely disabled. When McMurphy is returned to the ward, the Chief realizes that they will not be escaping together now and, as he does not want to leave his friend behind in that state, he suffocates him with a pillow. The closing scene shows how the Chief followed the plan that McMurphy had proposed, throws a hydrotherapy fountain through a window and runs away in the search of freedom. The movie is a fantastic attempt to encourage debate about insanity. Psychology had gone through a very prestigious phase in the USA at the end of the 1950s; but, by the 1960s, this notion had changed radically. Philosophers and sociologists argued that the modern definition of insanity is a cultural invention and a means of control. In this manner, individuals branded as "mad" or "insane" were isolated from society and secluded into asylums, where they no longer posed a threat for society (K. Kesey, 2002). 2. ANALYSIS Randle Patrick McMurphy and Mildred Ratched are the main characters of the movie. In fact, the plot is a series of confrontations between the two characters. McMurphy is a criminal that seeking to "enjoy" his sentence in comfort, feigns lunacy in order to be admitted into a mental asylum. He is a fun-loving individual, a free spirit that challenges authority and resents any form of control. He is intelligent, flamboyant and energetic. Interestingly, he is described by members of the establishment as belligerent, resentful and lazy. In conversation with

The Medium is the message - explore what Marshall McLuhan meant by Essay

The Medium is the message - explore what Marshall McLuhan meant by this statement, tie it to ways the Internet and telecommunica - Essay Example The medium is the message as a metaphor is important in understanding the new electronic media as well. One could well argue that the medium is the unconscious of the media. Every medium is encrypted with its own messages which in turn substantially influence the message or the content. It is through analyzing the shift from traditional media to the new electronic media; McLuhan understood the nuances of medium as the message. The purpose of the essay is to examine the major postulates of McLuhan’s theoretical leap and some of the responses to from other scholars against the new developments in media of the present world. McLuhan’s Conception of Medium Although, the sentence ‘medium is the message’ is apparently very simple; it has many complex connotations. At first, it is just equating the medium with the message. Secondly but most importantly, if medium is the message, all other messages become secondary or non-messages. Therefore, it stipulates that the medium is the primary message and whatever message is inscripted on it is not substantial or exist only in permanent reference to the message of the medium. McLuhan does not negate the existence of the message of the content; therefore, he asserts that â€Å"although the medium is the message, the controls go beyond the programming. The restraints are always directed to the ‘content’, which is always another medium† (305). It means that the message of the medium is primary and the message of the content withstand only with reference to the message. It is important to remember that every medium is the extension of human capabilities and different mediums alters different human capabilities in different ways. Medium is what is form in literature; it is not just capturing the content but reproduces it in many ways. As we cannot understand an art work without deconstructing the form, the message of a media can only be understood when we deconstruct the politics of i ts medium. It is widely observed that the communication revolution in the technological sphere has not yet turned out to be a communication revolution in the real world. Although, there exist actual potentials for disseminating information which is crucial to enhance democracy among the broad masses, the internet media world has not advanced much in this line. Not only the media has failed in deepening democracy in general but also is unable to substantiate democracy within itself. It is because of the fact that as a medium the new information communication technologies are necessarily fragmented and not amenable to deep contemplation. By and large, global media is controlled the big corporations which are even more wealthy than a number of countries in the Global South. The much celebrated ‘marketplace of ideas’ is no more considered as free as it appears. It is not just because of the fact that American media conglomerates have more corporate and monitory power. On th e other hand, the new media technologies as medium are highly amenable to corporatization and monopolization. Therefore, we never have a media world without monopolies; one monopoly will always be replaces with another. The emergence of terms such as public service broadcasting, alternative media, citizen’s journalism, and independent media centers and so on denotes both the phenomenal corporatization of media and the ongoing global

Knowledge Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Knowledge Management - Essay Example Even though this model has an obvious practical approach, it combines altogether principles, systems processes, values and attitudes (Moraga 3). Thus, the Pedler’s model of organizational learning can confuse those managers who will try to apply this model in their companies (Moraga 3). Another critical issue of the Pedler’s model was his failure to propose a practical framework to put the changes of the structures on accounting, control, and information systems into practice (Moraga 6). According to Tiwana, knowledge management plays a critical role in both operational and strategic planning, because knowledge is a driver of organizational strategy and strategy is a driver of knowledge management (cited by Alstete & Halpern n.p.). Consequently, even the well-developed knowledge management systems will not be successful until there will exist a clear link with the business strategy (Alstene & Halpern, n.p.). Also, there exists a tight relationship between KM and organizational performance, including employee performance, business performance, market performance and intellectual capital (Vidović 6). Thus, it can be concluded that KM strategy can be reflected at the various levels of strategy, for instance: improved communication and employee skills, enhanced collaboration and better decision making, etc. (employee performance); increased profits, reduced costs, increased share price (organizational performance); faster response to key business issues, improved bus iness processes, creation of new business opportunity (business performance); increased market size and share, better customer handling, enhanced product or service quality (market performance); and enhanced intellectual property, increased adaptation capability and increased innovation (intellectual capital (Vidović 6). According to Stewart (1997), intellectual capital refers to any intellectual material, which can be put to use to create wealth, including information, knowledge, intellectual property and even experience (Bontis, 42).

The Cause of Sept 11 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Cause of Sept 11 - Research Paper Example On September 11, 2001, two planes were flown into the twin towers of the World Trade Center building in New York City while another plane hit the Pentagon in Washington, DC. The iconic building collapsed in less than two hours causing a fatality of nearly 3,000 people. This tragedy is the most lethal form of terrorism to have been carried out in modern times and will probably never be forgotten in American history. Government agencies and security experts have immediately assessed the rationale for the attack. In this regard, the essay aims to proffer the causes of the September 11, 2011 incident that shocked the world and millions of Americans whose lives have been drastically changed by it. Causes of the 9/11 Attack In retrospect, contemporary generation asks the relevant question: what led to 9/11 in the first place? There have been diverse theories on the rationale for the attack. One traced the root cause from America being a superpower and the icon of Western world and was ther efore the best target for the Islamists to carry out their attack. Head (2011) agrees that probably America lacked a strong representative of Islam – of the order of say Malcolm X – who would have given the US a human face, making the American people much harder to be demonized by the likes of al-Qaeda. Auster (2003) cited various explanations, to wit: â€Å"some blamed America's rejection of the Kyoto accords (a favorite charge among globalists), some blamed our failure to help alleviate Third-World hunger (a favorite among Episcopalians), some blamed our friendship with Israel (a favorite in some precincts of the right as well as the left). The real explanation had been lurking in the background all this while, but had never, to my knowledge, been proffered before now: America was attacked because of its racism† (Auster, 2003, par. 1). On the contrary, Levingston (2010) disagrees with the common notion that Western interference was the cause of 9/11. He ar gues that 9/11 was the result of a clash of Arab civilizations that simply used America as one of its venues. Levingston (2010) argues that the Arab world’s political culture has no mechanism for either sharing power or transmitting political authority from one governing body to another except through inheritance, coup or conquest and that we just happened to be at that stage that different groups are fighting to take over the leadership in the Middle East. The official comprehensive report compiled and published by the National Commission on Terrorist Attack Upon the United States entitled The 9/11 Commission Report under the section The Foundation of the New Terrorism indicated that Usama Bin Laden, together with a fugitive Egyptian physician, Ayman al Zawahiri, proposed a Declaration of War against the United States: â€Å"claiming that America had declared war against God and his messenger, they called for the murder of any American, anywhere on earth, as the ‘in dividual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it’† (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, 2004, p.47). There were even conspiracy theories that emerged stating that the cause of the 9/11 attack was actually â€Å"planned and executed by federal officials in order to provide the U.S. with a pretext for going to war in the Middle East and, by extension, as a means of consolidating and extending the power of

Cancer effectiveness of drugs in its treatment Essay

Cancer effectiveness of drugs in its treatment - Essay Example If an association has been drawn between tumour and cancer; then a benign tumour has no relation with cancer but a malignant tumour sooner or later leads to cancer. Scientific research has revealed that genetic predisposition, oestrogen exposure for women, ionising and ultraviolet radiation, exposure to carcinogenic chemicals and foods, smoking tobacco, taking alcohol, unhealthy diet and presence of free radicals are some of the causes that are believed to be spreading this deadly disease among us. Since prevention is always considered as a better option to cure, hence a series of events that might result in lower risk of getting exposed to cancer should also be taken account of. Taking notice of previous cases of cancer in a family does not directly translate into the same for the successors, but they can resort to regular check up to avoid any late detection of cancer. It has been found that probability of cancer among a woman having baby before 35 is less. Reduction of exposure to sun or other rays such as X – rays and using protective cloths while facing them is a helpful mean to reduce the chances of this disease. Absolute no to tobacco and alcohol will certainly result in less number of cancer cases. Taking vitamin C and green vegetables also help to reduce the risk of cancer. Among the different types of cancer treatments six of them have gained popularity and success over the years. The following paragraph provides a brief discussion of these alternatives before moving into a detailed analysis of drug use in combating cancer. Since chemotherapy also uses drugs to combat cancer, hence for this part it is left beyond the realm of the discussion. Radiation is used vividly against cancer. Ionised radiation destroys cancer cells and prevents them from further growing. When surgery is adopted s a possible cure to cancer, the cancerous cells or parts are surgically removed from the body. In recent times laser is often used to perform these surgeries replacing the conventional method that had been followed before. As it has been found that certain hormones are responsible for the growth of cancerous cells in body, hence doctors often resorts to hormone therapy to bring back the balance within the body that will eventually stop the growth of malignant cancerous cells. Recently a more radical way to fight cancer is in discussion and followed at some places as well. This is known as Biological or Immunotherapy where the inherent immune system of the body is reinforced so that it can prevent the cancerous infection o r fight back this deadly disease. Some doctors have even moved a step further to consider medical disciplines like homeopathy and acupuncture as a possible solution to this life taking disease (â€Å"What is Cancer?†). After the brief discussion of various other means to combat cancer let us concentrate of the possibilities of drugs to prevent cancer. The most widely known use of drugs against cancer is chemotherapy. In chemotherapy specific drugs are used that destroys cancer cells by putting an end to their immense growth rate. It is given to the patient either through intravenous injections or through oral medicines. It follows a cyclic pattern and often the patient is given rest for sometime after the administration of a specific course of medicine. Uses of anti cancer drugs have their own limitations. First of all since it

Internal combustion engine Essay Example for Free

Internal combustion engine Essay ?1. The seven suspects who may have contributed to the failure of GM’s EV1 program are: a. Customers (guilty) a. i. Consumers wanted a three hundred mile range and eighty-five mile per hour speed on their electric cars but this was not plausible when running off of a battery. a. ii. When customers compare cars they don’t care much about the environmental risks they only care about the price, the miles per gallon, and the mileage range. Customers had a difficult time seeing the difference between regular cars and electric cars so there was not enough demand. b. Battery Technology (not guilty). b. i. Batteries were too weak to make the car go as far as consumers were hoping so they bought the less expensive gasoline vehicles that could go the desired distance. c. Oil Companies (guilty) c. i. Oil companies got very involved with electric cars because if everyone were to switch to battery operated vehicles, there would no longer being a large demand for gasoline. d. Car Companies (guilty) d. i. The GM car didn’t seem to be catching on and there did not seem to see a profit in electric or hybrid cars so they didn’t see it as effective to keep manufacturing the car. e. Government (guilty) e. i. Government officials did not approve of the electric car so they did nothing to assist General Motors in selling it. e. ii. President Carter supported clean energy but President Nixon cared so little about clean energy he had the solar panels taken off the roof of the White House. f. C. A. R. B. California Air Resources Board (guilty). f. i. Lloyd was elected chairman of the board four months before they got rid of the electric car and he persisted to demolish it. g. Hydrogen Fuel Cells (guilty) g. i. Hydrogen Fuel Cells seemed more appealing to consumers because Shell stations could provide hydrogen. g. ii. Hydrogen Fuel Cells had General Motors beat because their cars could travel 100-125 miles per fill up while the EV could only travel about 75 miles. Also, hydrogen cars have about three to four times more energy than a car running on batteries. 2. The suspect I feel is most responsible is the consumers because they only look at the simple facts; they couldn’t care less whether or not their car is destroying the environment. Consumers only care about the price, mileage, and miles per gallon of a vehicle which all lacked on the EV because car companies saw it fair to lose a bit of the â€Å"basic car features† in order to improve the environment. 3. The nickel metal hydride battery enabled the GM EV1 to have a real world range of 250 km and the Chevrolet S10 achieved a range of 110 to 130 km with full charge and can usually last for years on end depending on how many times you have to recharge the full battery. Today, nickel metal hydride batteries are commonly used for cameras, camcorders, cell phones, pagers, medical instruments, etc. An interview published last year in the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists said that there was going to be a new approach to photovoltaic thin-film production that would allow factories to make enough solar panels in a year to produce at least one gigawatt of electricity annually—roughly the scale of a nuclear power plant—at the price of coal. The argument for thin-film solar panels is that thin-film solar can actually be cheaper than one dollar a watt, low price solar panels are opening up new markets (which could lead to a surge in demand), and the fastest, cheapest way to meet that demand could be building thin-film solar factories, since you can build those factories for a third as much as silicon solar panel factories. Although this seems beneficial, the main arguments against thin-film solar panels are the cost of everything else that goes into the final cost of solar power (including installation costs, which are now higher than the cost of panels themselves), you can save much more money if higher efficiency solar panels are put in because the company would have to buy less panels, and thin-film solar panels are actually less efficient than silicon ones. Because of the strong points of the argument, I do not think that putting in thin-film solar panels is worth the trouble when time and money could be saved with more efficient panels. 4. The goal of Plug in America is to get Americans to switch to a car that uses clean, affordable, domestic electricity for some or all of its energy. The best way to reduce carbon emissions is to utilize the ever cleaner, greener, more renewable grid to power transportation. Only grid-rechargeable cars can attain the end goal of zero-emissions and ensure fuel price stability. Plug in America works with General Motors, Nissan, and Mitsubishi all of which sell electric vehicles. The main Plug in America is based out of San Francisco, California. Around 2005, all of the major automakers planned to call back their leased electric vehicles (which were only available in California) and crush them. A group of drivers formed to stop them and wanted to buy the cars they had been driving. They were unsuccessful with the GM EV-1; this was the subject of the movie Who Killed The Electric Car. But GM did not crush the S-10 pickups, and the protestors saved half of the Toyota RAV4-EVs. Plug In America then kept up a continuous campaign to convince automakers that there is demand for electric vehicles, and that they should build them instead of crushing them. There are now several electric vehicles in the marketplace, and by the end of 2012 there will be dozens of models. Plug In America no longer needs to protest; instead they now consult with the automakers and offer training to auto dealers. 5. The newest electric cars are: a. The 2013 Smart fortwo electric car couple/convertible a. i. This car is available in select dealers across the country. a. ii. This car gets 122 miles per gallon equivalent (1 gallon of gasoline=33. 7 kW-hr) in cities and 93 miles per gallon equivalent on highways.a. iii. Over a five-year span, someone with a Smart fortwo electric car would save about $8,750 because the annual fuel cost is only $600. a. iv. The driving range of this car in is 68 miles. b. The 2013 Scion iQ EV b. i. There will be approximately 90 iQ EVs available for fleet and car-sharing applications at select dealers across the country. b. ii. This car gets 138 miles per gallon equivalent (1 gallon of gasoline=33. 7 kW-hr) in cities and 105 miles per gallon equivalent on highways. b. iii. Over a five-year span, someone with a Scion iQ EV would save about $9,250 because the annual fuel cost is only $500. b. iv. The driving range of this car in is 38 miles. c. The 2013 Honda Fit EV c. i. This car is available in California and parts of Oregon c. ii. This car gets 132 miles per gallon equivalent (1 gallon of gasoline=33. 7 kW-hr) in cities and 105 miles per gallon equivalent on highways. c. iii. Over a five-year span, someone with a Honda Fit EV would save about $9,250 because the annual fuel cost is only $500. c. iv. The driving range of this car in is 82 miles. d. The 2013 Fiat 500e d. i. At this time, this car is only available in California. d. ii. This car gets 122 miles per gallon equivalent (1 gallon of gasoline=33. 7 kW-hr) in cities and 108 miles per gallon equivalent on highways. d. iii. Over a five-year span, someone with a Fiat 500e would save about $9,250 because the annual fuel cost is only $500. d. iv. The driving range of this car in is 87 miles. Since the ranges of these electric cars are actually quite good, I would be able to drive an electric car in my daily life. On average, I don’t drive very far but for days I do I think I would need to have a gasoline powered car that can be refilled quickly and easily at a gas station. At night, I would just have to plug my car in so that it could be fully charged in the morning and it would be sufficient enough to get to school and work. 6. The arguments for and against electric cars are: a. One criticism of electric cars is that they often just replace one source of carbon pollution with another. Instead of a combustion engine that burns gasoline, you get a plug-in vehicle that depends on electricity from burning coal. All in all, electric cars still look pretty good in comparison, especially since they’re not burning any gasoline and putting additional carbon in the air, but it looks like it’s not, strictly speaking, true that â€Å"It takes more electricity to drive the average gasoline car 100 miles, than it does to drive an electric car 100 miles. † This probably explains why Nissan abandoned its sticker. The energy comparison still looks positive for electric cars, but the talking point isn’t nearly as neat and clean. b. In order to support large numbers of electric cars there will have to be an infrastructure built where these cars can be recharged. Although, even with charging stations, an electric car can take up to eight hours to fully charge and this is quite the inconvenience for people traveling. The idea of a â€Å"swop† has been presented where the driver gives in their used battery for a battery that is fully charged but doing this could cost the government a lot of money. c. Yes, the batteries that power electric cars (and hybrids, for that matter) can be recycled. For decades, lead-acid batteries powered the few electric vehicles that were on the road. The latest models, with their lighter weight and longer range, use lithium-ion batteries, just like laptops and cell phones. In either case, the batteries that power electric cars can be recycled. When the battery packs in a lithium-ion-powered vehicle are deemed too worn out for driving, they still have up to 80 percent of their charge left. So before they ever get to a recycling center, these batteries are used to prop up the grid, especially alongside energy sources that may not be quite as steady, like wind or solar power. The batteries can store power to help the flow of electricity stay on an even keel rather than ebb and flow with the weather. An electric car battery is costly, but can last as much as 100,000 miles. They usually come with a 10 year or mileage limit warranty. Sources: http://www. greenbatteries. com/nibafa. html#How%20many%20times http://www. pluginamerica. org/ http://www. fueleconomy. gov/feg/evnews. shtml http://www. wlv. ac. uk/default. aspx? page=31209 http://www. howstuffworks. com/can-electric-car-batteries-be-recycled. htm http://www. technologyreview. com/view/512746/dont-count-out-thin-film-solar/

Support and Caring for a Person with Dementia Essay Example for Free

Support and Caring for a Person with Dementia Essay The patient presents with dementia, poor posture (her chin close to her chest) and dislikes solids, there for has to be assisted to feed and chooses only to consume liquids. Her communication skills are also poor and doesn’t have the capacity to engage in a flowing conversation but has the ability to answer a question using the words ‘yes’ or ‘no’ or by saying individual words. I was given the task of feeding the patient at lunch time as she requires one to one support at meal times due to her lack of willingness to consume solids and fluids. It is extremely important to maintain good fluid intake to reduce the chance of dehydration which could contribute to increased confusion in a dementia patient. To prevent this, patient H has a daily fluid chart which is filled in every time fluids are consumed as a way of effectively monitoring her intake of fluids. I informed patient H it was meal time and directed her to her chair by her bedside, supporting her to sit and positioned a bedside table over her chair. H expresses distress and agitation when sitting in the dining room at meal times with the other patients therefor patients H’s preferences are respected by supporting her to feed at her bed area. I put a plastic green apron on her to protect her clothes and maintain her dignity, washed my hands and put a green apron over my own clothing for hygiene purposes in accordance with my wards food hygiene policy. As the patient only consumes fluids I got a Fortisip drink from the fridge, poured it into a handled plastic cup and added a straw. Fortisip drinks have a high nutritional and energy value and are used as meal replacement in cases such as this patient. I communicated with the patient verbally in an encouraging manner and held the cup and directed the straw to her mouth. I did this at several intervals, making sure I left a sufficient time in between sips to enable her to swallow the contents of the liquid, encouraging conversation throughout. After drinking three quarters of the cup the patient refused to open her mouth to take the straw and shouted ‘no’ and got up out of her chair which at this point I praised the patient and relocated the cup on the table. I chatted in general conversation with her to give her sufficient time to digest her intake then offered her further fluids to which she stated ‘no more’. Satisfied she had had enough, I removed her apron and directed her to the lounge area and then discussed the task with my mentor. Feelings/thoughts Before I started this task I felt slightly anxious as it was the first time I had supported this patient on a one to one basis. I was unsure of how she would react to me as I was an unfamiliar face to her in relation to her feeding and I had previously witnessed her being very verbally aggressive, trying to leave her chair and showing signs of frustration during meal times with other trained, experienced staff on the ward. Throughout the task I felt my confidence increased as the patient was fairly compliant with what I was trying to achieve, this made me become more relaxed and less anxious which I feel eased the mood of the whole experience. After completing the task I felt satisfied that I had achieved what was required whilst undertaking a person-centred personalised approach to meet the needs of the patient. Evaluation I felt that I achieved the desired outcome which was to ensure the patient consumed an adequate volume of fluids during meal time whilst promoting a person – centred approach to their care as I ensured the patient enjoyed and consumed her meal through liquid form with a suitable aid which is her preference to enable easier consumption. In order to meet patient’s needs I required a straw, cup, appropriate meal supplement and syringe which are all aids I used during the task. If I hadn’t prepared her meal in liquid form then the patient would have been unable to consume her meal which would result in dehydration, hunger and lack of sufficient nutrients absorbed into her body to enable her to function normally. I felt I could have been more organised with the task as I felt I interrupted the flow of the task by leaving the table on a couple of occasions to retrieve required items. I should have had the meal supplement already poured in the cup with straw to hand at the table along with the oral syringe before directing the patient to get seated in her chair. If I had done this I feel I would have been much more focused on the patient which would have been a more positive experience for the patient. Analysis In order to reduce my anxiety of the task I feel it would have been beneficial to have spent more time interacting with the patient on a general basis before supporting her with feeding. This would have provided a more natural transition into the task effectively creating a more relaxed experience for the patient. This would enabled me to have an even better person centred approach as I would have known what works well and what doesn’t work so well in regards to feeding the patient concerned. Conclusion I feel that the patient received a good standard of person centred care in regards to her mealtime. It is important that the patient feels included and valued within the ward and I feel this is met by ensuring she has one to one support during mealtimes in an area where she feels most comfortable. However, it is also important to note that there may be occasions where the patient would rather not be situated at her bed area and her behaviour of standing up and removing herself from the chair may indicate this. I understood this behaviour was the patient’s way of expressing that she didn’t want any more intake, where in reflection it could have been an indication that she was unhappy with the current surroundings or the temperature for example. My mentor was satisfied that I had taken a person-centred personalised approach to the task as I had met and taken into account the patient emotional, metal and physical needs by tailoring her meal time experience using appropriate aids and the environment to create a positive experience which took her preferences into consideration. Action plan In future I will aim to forward plan more and ensure I have all required resources to hand to enable me to dedicate my time and use my time with the patient more effectively. This will ensure that I make the best use of my time which will allow me to support my team effectively and also ensure that the patient feels completely valued and display to them that I am competent and focused on the task I am supporting them with. It would also be beneficial for me to interact with the patient if possible before undertaking a task which would relax the patient and help them feel at ease. I have had previous experience of this skill as I have worked in the social care sector for many years but have found having this opportunity to reflect on my practice through the use of the Gibb’s model of reflection valuable and given me awareness of how I can develop this skill further to benefit the patient.

Perodua Marketing Mix

Perodua Marketing Mix Nowadays, a successful company or organization requires one common characteristic which is determine and provide products or services that customer needed and satisfy them profitably. According to the Chartered Institute of Marketing, marketing is defined as the management process that identifies, anticipates and satisfies customer requirements profitably. In addition, Kotler also defined as the human activity directed as satisfying human needs and wants through an exchange process. In short, we knew that marketing is delivering customer satisfaction at a profit. Perusahaan Otomobil Kedua Sdn Bhd (PERODUA) is the Malaysias second largest automobile manufacturer after Proton. As the competitor of Proton, Perodua mainly manufactures small and compact cars, so Perodua actually does not compete with Proton for the same market. Although Perodua is not as well-known as Proton, but Peroduas cars often catch the sight of Malaysian and achieve high value of sales. Because of the reason above, the author has decided and chosen the Perodua Company as the title of this assignment. In this assignment, the author will discuss about the company background of Perodua, marketing mix variables such as product, price, place and promotion that used by Perodua to achieve high value of sales and some further recommendation for Perodua to improve in the future. 2.0 Company Background 2.1 History of the Company Perusahaan Otomobil Kedua Sdn Bhd, also abbreviated to Perodua, established in 1993. To strengthen up the company, Perodua allies with the Japanese company which includes Daihatsu Motor Co. Ltd, Mitsui Co. Ltd and other. Perodua headquarters is situated on Sungai Choh, Rawang, Selangor and include RD testing laboratories, vehicle test track, manufacturing and engine plant and other. Perodua Auto Corporation Sdn Bhd (PCSB) was set up in 2001 and there are three active groups which is Perodua Sales Sdn Bhd (PSSB) is responsible for sales and marketing Perodua vehicles, Perodua Manufacturing Sdn Bhd (PMSB) is manufacturing Perodua vehicles and Perodua Engine Manufacturing Sdn Bhd (PEMSB) assembles the vehicle engines and selected engine parts. The company began its operations in 1994 and the Perodua Kancil which is small and economical, was the first car introduced to the Malaysian in August of the same year. In the present, Perodua sold more than 400,000 units of Kancil and it is the most successful sales in the record of Perodua. After that, it was replaced by Perodua Kelisa in August 2001. 2.2 Mission Statement Perodua is set to become the biggest compact car manufacturer in the South-East Asia. In order to expand their market, Perodua also exports their cars to Singapore, United Kingdom and few numbers to Brunei, Nepal, Saudi Arabia and other country. In order to become a world class and well-known automobile company, Perodua had drawn out some objective which is professionalism in all their operations, efficiency in utilising technologies and resources, resilience in meeting their challenges, optimising benefits to customers and stakeholders, dedication towards social responsibility to community, the environment and development of competent workforce, uniqueness in their products and aspiration to glorify the name of Perodua. 2.3 Current Product Perodua established in 1993 and launched their first compact car, Perodua Kancil (Rusa) in August 1994. After achieved the amazing sales record, Perodua were more confident to roll out the cars. At the end of 2009, Perodua has sold more than 1.5 million units of numerous models cars, for examples, Perodua Kembara in August 1998, Perodua Kenari in June 2000, Perodua Kelisa in August 2001, Perodua Myvi in May 2005, Perodua Viva in May 2007, Perodua Nautica 4WD in May 2008 and Perodua Alza in November 2009. Perodua Viva is a city car that manufactured by Perodua since May 2007 and it is the replacement of Perodua Kancil and Kelisa which is discontinued. All Perodua Viva models implanted Daihatsu DVVT engines, dual airbag and ABS only available for premium version. The Perodua Viva has six models which are 660EX, 850EX, 1.0SX, 1.0SXi, 10EZ and 1.0EZi. Perodua Myvi was produced by Perodua since May 2005, based on the Daihatsu Sirion/Boon and Toyota Passo. The cooperation with Daihatsu and Toyota makes Myvi is the bestselling car for 2006 until 2009 in Malaysia. Perodua Myvi embedded with two water-cooler, four-stroke engines, and electronic fuel injection, able to boost up to 106mph. The Perodua Myvi SE also built with CD player, USB and leather seats to provide comfortable rides. Perodua Alza is the first multi-purpose vehicle (MPV) that produced by Perodua, and available for booking in March 2010. The most attractive feature is the 7 seats and the second row seats are designed to slide forward and back to allow the flexibility. The air-conditioning also be redesigned to improve the air circulation. In the car entertainment, Perodua has integrated door-mount speakers, MP3 and WMA compatible CD player and steering mounted controls. 3.0 Definition of marketing mix When you bring up a product or service to the market, you certainly will consider some of the choices and options. The marketing mix is the most popular marketing term, it is also the general phrase used to explain the different kinds of choices that organizations have to make in the process of bringing a product and service to market. This chapter will discuss the definition of marketing mix and its elements. In the early 1950, Neil Borden defined the marketing mix as an integrated set of marketing strategies to realise organizational objectives and create higher value relationship with customers. In the late 1950, Jerome McCarthy, a prominent marketer, concluded the variables of marketing mix into four elements which is product, price, promotion, and place. According to the Marketing Principles and Perspective by William O. Bearden, the most common definition of marketing mix is the overall marketing offer to appeal to the target market. It consists of decisions in four basic areas which is product, pricing, integrated marketing communication and distribution. Nowadays, there is a new definition of the marketing mix and Neil H. Borden in 1965 increase the marketing mix to seven areas, which contain people, physical evidence and process. The most interesting thing is some people think that four Ps are out-dated and suggest a customer-oriented model which is four Cs, including customer needs, convenience, cost to user and communication. 4.0 Marketing Mix Variables 4.1 Product Rendering to the Marketing Edition 6, product was defined as anything that can be offered to a market for attention, use or consumption that might satisfy a want or need. Product can be divided into two categories, which are tangible or intangible. Tangible product is physical object that customers can actually touch, such as a motor. An intangible product is a service based product that cannot be touched, such as car repair. Presently, Perodua has launched various products that can satisfy everyone from different social classes. For examples, Perodua has released Perodua ViVa 660cc for those people that require low performance and economical, Perodua Myvi 1000cc for middle-class people and Perodua Alza 1500cc that suitable for high-performance user and families. Besides that, Perodua also provides different colours in same model. For examples, Perodua Myvi is available in Ebony Black and Classic Gold for classic lovers, Olive Green and Mocha Silver for natural lovers, Glittering Silver and Oozy Orange for those who wants extraordinary and unique colour. 4.2 Price Price is the amount money charged for products or services that customers exchange for the benefit of having or using the product or service. Perodua has implanted different price to various models of cars. For instances, Perodua ViVa 660cc only costs about twenty five thousands, moreover, Perodua Myvi costs about forty thousands and Perodua Alza costs about fifty five thousands. Perodua also provide several types of payment method to benefit everyone. For examples, Perodua accepts credit card payment for the deposit, cheque and bank transfer also acceptable to replace cash as a safe method. Perodua also provide car loan with 3.5% to 4% interest from 5 to 9 years, you only need to pay hundreds ringgits as the instalment. 4.3 Place Place represents the location when the product and service can be purchased. A more detail definition about place is making goods and services available in the right quantities and locations when customers want them. When different target markets have different needs, a number of place variations may be changed. Thus, there are two categories which are urban areas and suburban areas. Perodua targets most of its sales, service and showrooms on the urban areas because of high population. For instances, Perodua manufacturing and engine manufacturing Sdn Bhd is situated on rawang, meanwhile Perodua Sales and Service Centres are mainly located on Kuala Lumpur, Petaling Jaya, Shah Alam and other. Besides that, Perodua also locates minor sales and services centres on the north and south Malaysia, such as Johor Bahru, Butterworth, Perai and Alor Setar. [1] 4.4 Promotion Promotion is a communication process that builds and maintains favourable relationships by persuading publics to accept its products and services. Publics can be individuals and organizations that have interest in the business. Thus, there are various types of promotion, such as personal selling, sales promotion, advertising and public relations. Perodua Sales and Services Centres provide well trained sales staffs and promoters to sell their vehicles and provide information to the individuals. To achieve their sales target, Perodua also is having sales promotion, such as discount up to RM 2000, free gift as sterling lock and touch and go card. Perodua also offer 1-hour super services and extended warranty programme to benefit the customers. Besides that, Perodua often advertises their products in different types of media such as television, internet, and billboard. Perodua advertises a lot in TV commercial especially during public holiday such as National Day, Chinese New Year, Deepavali, and Hari Raya Puasa. Moreover, Perodua also cooperates with bank as the finance and insurance partners to promote their products. 5.0 Further Recommendation Nowadays, global warming issue is becoming more and more serious. In my opinion, Perodua can improve their products under this critical issue. Perodua can implant the latest automobile technology to produce safer, energy efficient, and less polluting cars. For examples, to correspond the rising petrol prices, Perodua can research and develop energy saver, battery electric and hybrid vehicles. Besides that, Perodua also can replace the steel casing of the car to aluminium or carbon fibre, this method will increase the lightness and strength. In addition, Perodua can stimulate the sales by having contest, rebates, premiums, and low interest. For examples, Perodua can offer rebate to those who trade in their old car. Perodua also can work with the bank to lower the interest of loan so that low income people can purchase the car. 6.0 Conclusion In conclusion, the marketing mix that includes product, price, place and promotion, is very importance in any company or organization to achieve their targets and objectives. The most obvious evidence is when the end of year, companies comes up with their tremendous net profits. Thus, marketing is the integral part of the economy. The first importance of marketing mix is that customers can get the opportunity to know about various products that are available in the market. The marketing mix also helps us to introduce the uniqueness of your company and product. Marketing mix also create a healthy competition among companies and increase their level and quality. Meanwhile, consumers are able to enjoy the better product and service with a low price. In other words, marketing mix generates many companies, either directly and indirectly, such as advertising, broadcasting, newspapers, and other companies. Finally, the most importance value of marketing mix is to build a balanced market, avoid dominant companies to control the prices and establish monopoly over the product and service.